Analysis of Organizational Change Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Examination of Organizational Change - Term Paper Example Change is, in this way, regularly considered as a response to outer dangers in unpredictable situations or as a proactive endeavor to get more extensive chances (Thompson, 1993, p. 697).â Theoretical parts of Change and Change Management According to the administration points of view, change is a procedure. For a business that proposes to present and actualize a change, it is an open door just as a test, on the grounds that the administration may need to confront assortments of hindrances like protection from change yet the result will be pretty much productive to the organization. Change is an integral asset and procedure that can be utilized as an administrative method to accomplish authoritative objectives in progressively successful manners. Change the board is a precise procedure that envelops and joins diverse administrative capacities, for example, arranging, course, coordination, administering, sorting out and controlling. As Palmer, Dunford and Akin, (2009, p. 24) contende d, change doesn’t happen as a programmed procedure, yet rather it includes vital exercises, individuals, procedure, strategies and numerous other administrative capacities as well. Key change has been characterized as an educated and participative procedure that outcomes in more up to date methods of working together that driving the association to its principle objective, extreme achievement (Jacobs, 1997, p. 22). Key change is an administrative procedure in which the current situation with key methodology gets adjusted to another state so as to make the association ready to rival rivals and their separated capacities. This would empower the association to acquires more noteworthy flexibility and suitability in the hierarchical situations. Key change might be of various types, for example, down-estimating, reengineering, re-appropriating, upgrading and realigning the item, item separation, item improvement and so on. As Dobson et al (2004, p. 122) indicated, an association c an be supposed to be brilliant on the off chance that it can change through consistent improving, outfitting speedy activities and leading normal experimentations. Change the board is essentially the way toward helping an individual, gathering or association change. As it is an administration procedure, it contains different administrative capacities like arranging the change, organizing among the change exercises, coordinating, administering and controlling them too. Change the board is a progressing procedure of adjusting an association to its commercial center and doing it more responsively and with more prominent adequacy than how contenders do (Rothwell, Sullivan and McLean, 2005, p. 17). The change the executives procedure in this manner incorporates a lot of ideas, standards, methods, techniques, and instruments that are appliedâ to human angles so as to execute change inside the authoritative setting.â Change the executives has likewise been seen as a multi-disciplinary movement that the individuals or group liable for executing the change are anticipated from having certain abilities, supports, encounters, and information.

Responses to blogs that I will put below Article

Reactions to online journals that I will put underneath - Article Example While it is a good thought to actualize such a law, I am wary that individuals might want to effectively partake in the powerful usage of such a law until they discover certain motivating forces in doing that. I imagine that such a law can be made increasingly powerful by building up a lottery conspire in which, individuals who have created progressively material for reusing contrasted with others ought to be qualified for certain prizes. It is dependent upon the administration to set up as far as possible for such an opposition and the prizes. Moreover, government additionally needs to make mindfulness among general society on the advantages of reusing through television programs and different types of media so individuals comprehend the significance of reusing and satisfy their duty toward the country. Implementing stricter disciplines to debilitate the demonstration of littering is an exceptionally compelling system to limit littering. Discipline and fines are what individuals truly care about and will in general keep away from, and would thus be able to be compelled to dissuade from littering. Nonetheless, notwithstanding executing this law, an extra thing that the concerned specialists can do to diminish the measure of litter is establishment of more waste containers. There is no uncertainty that there are a great deal of junk containers wherever in the US, yet at the same time if individuals are littering, this implies regardless of what number of them have been introduced, they are as yet insufficient. Individuals positively need more garbage containers to lean toward utilizing them on littering. No one might want to litter if a waste canister is in approach. What's more, government ought to acquaint a plan agreeing with which individuals that have gathered most extreme litter during the time ought to be remunerated. It is dependent upon the administration to set up method of discovering this out as there can be a lot of ways. The law you have proposed serves to defend only one creature specifically though the restorative advantages got gives wellbeing

Being An Advisor Of Galacso Phermaceutical â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Being An Advisor Of Galacso Phermaceutical? Answer: Introducation Being a counselor of Galacso Phermaceutical, I proposed the following undertaking in Nepal. I am composing this update as you dismissed the proposition of propelling the pharmaceutical firm in Nepal because of certain dangers that may obstruct the consistent development of the organization. Potential Threats It is constantly costly and deman Being An Advisor Of Galacso Phermaceutical ding to dispatch a pharmaceutical assembling organization. To dispatch a pharmaceutical firm numerous components are to be keep in the matter of concerned. atmosphere condition, at that point the vehicle offices. The nation like Nepal, transportation office may show up as an issue as the nation as of late experienced an overwhelming seismic tremor in 2015. The wastage, which is delivered because of postproduction, is destructive and harmful it can influence the environmental parity. Getting an expert market can be an issue in Nepal (Houy Jelovac, 2015). The transportation can be risk in getting crude materials. Nepal is a little nation and to a great extent relies upon India and China so all things considered appropriate power, talented work may show up as an issue regarding organization's development. Relief of Threats After an exhaustive overview done by my partner and me of each conceivable hazard that may hamper the organization's development the follows result came up as the conceivable arrangement of each hazard. Being a littler nation Nepal is sandwiched between two biggest economies India and China so it is anything but difficult to snatch biggest markets for medication and beautifiers in Asia. This will decrease the organization's transportation cost in the event that it is set up close to the objective market. Nepal is the perfect area for the accessibility of crude materials as Asian mainland is brimming with assets. Steady force is something, which is required in the plant as pharmaceutical firm works 12 hours for seven days (Kurdve et al., 2015). Without steady force gracefully, the work will be hampered and most significant is to store the crude materials and completed item requires a specific temperature. Indeed, even the lab research and trials likewise need a specific cooling temperature and to keep up that temperature consistent force flexibly is required. Nepal being a little nation gets plentiful assistance for advancement from neighboring countries like India and China. In a na tion like Nepal, numerous inhabitants migrate to different nations particularly to India looking for openings for work. It won't be an issue to discover plentiful number of talented works for the pharmaceutical firm (Narayana, Pati Vrat 2014). Transportation to India and China by street from Nepal is acceptable from Nepal so promoting and appropriation of the completed item won't hamper the organization's work process. Same as bringing the crude materials from different regions the administration transport administration is likewise effectively accessible so it won't hamper the representatives to drive to the firm every day. The transportation cost is additionally exceptionally low in Nepal what's more street administrations it has a universal air terminal, which is arranged in Kathmandu and associated with all uber city of a few Asian nations. Nepal additionally has a local air terminal, which associates all the urban communities of Nepal. Being a mainstream place of interest and m ountaineering area, it draws a few outside vacationers consistently so the correspondence offices can be dependable space. Web, postal and media transmission offices are effectively available all through the nation. Being arranged at the lower region of Himalayan ice sheet the water flexibly is lasting in Nepal so required water gracefully can be acquired in the nation. The central point is atmosphere condition. Investigating on biotechnology and bio informatics a specific atmosphere condition is required which will be neither too hot nor outrageous virus. Nepal has a few valleys, which can give perfect temperature to pharmaceutical item creation. Nepal has a lot of empty terrains, which are inadmissible for cultivating and ideal for plants (Narayana, Pati Vrat, 2014). It won't be an issue to set up a plant and Nepal is a developing nation, a few outside speculations are supporting the nation for street and building developments. Henceforth, the representatives don't need to confront any issues as far as leasing an occupant. In conclusion, Nepal is ecologically cognizant nation there is a legislative approach of waste removal and reusing of waste materials (Roschangar, Sheldon Senanayake, 2015). This would shorten some overabundance cost like transportation and correspondence costs. Another advantage our organization may appreciate that nonattendance of worldwide pharmaceutical firms. The reality pharmaceutical firm should contend with comparative kind of firms in the market that implies one would have followed procedure and item testing by studying altogether before propelling a firm in a nation (Carpenter, 2014). My associates and I did the above investigation. I would demand you to rethink the starting proposition remembering about the above elements References Craftsman, D. (2014).Reputation and force: authoritative picture and pharmaceutical guideline at the FDA. Princeton University Press. Houy, N., Jelovac, I. (2015). Medication dispatch timing and global reference pricing.Health economics,24(8), 978-989. Kurdve, M., Shahbazi, S., Wendin, M., Bengtsson, C., Wiktorsson, M. (2015). Squander stream mapping to improve supportability of waste administration: a contextual investigation approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,98, 304-315. Narayana, S. A., Pati, R. K., Vrat, P. (2014). Administrative research on the pharmaceutical flexibly chainA basic survey and a few bits of knowledge for future directions.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,20(1), 18-40. Roschangar, F., Sheldon, R. A., Senanayake, C. H. (2015). Beating hindrances to green science in the pharmaceutical industrythe Green Aspiration Level concept.Green Chemistry,17(2), 752-768. Whewell, R. (2016).Supply chain in the pharmaceutical business: vital impacts and flexibly chain reactions. CRC Press.

Frankenstein and The Modern Pandora - Free Essay Example

On 1 January 1818, Mary Shelley birthed her hideous progeny into the world. One of the enduring tales of modern literature, Frankenstein is the narrative of a scientist who creates monstrous life. Robbing both cemeteries and slaughterhouses in his single-minded, egoistic quest to circumvent the natural order. But, in doing so, he ensures the destruction of his wife, his best friend, his maid, and his baby brother. By the end of the novel, he becomes so exhausted by his own hubris and the consequences it has wrought, that he dies at an early age. Conceived at a time when women were considered the property of their male benefactors and pushed to the margins of society, Frankenstein exemplifies the degree to which women were at the mercy of male whims and egos. Much has been written about the link connecting Victor Frankenstein to the mythological figure of Prometheus. The subtitle of Shelleys novel being The Modern Prometheus, scholars have drawn parallels between them regarding the creation of life, the revealing of forbidden knowledge, and the subsequent eternal punishment. So too should they draw parallels to the adjacent myth of Pandora. From Hesiods Theogony, we know that Pandora was the first human woman constructed by Hephaestus at the behest of Zeus. So insulted was Zeus by Prometheus insolence in revealing the secret of fire to man, that he commissioned the creation of a being whose sole purpose was to be an unwitting instrument for revenge. Much like Elizabeth and Justine in Shelleys novel, Pandora was a victim of male hubris. She was a tool to be owned, traded, and used by men. In the novel, Elizabeth, like all 18th century women, is shown to chained to the domestic sphere while all the men around her are free to engage in public life. She is Victor Frankensteins fiance, not by personal choice, but instead is gifted like an object to Victor. Elizabeth seems to have no choice or opinion on the matter of her arranged marriage and Victor himself describes the engagement as a business transaction, It was understood that my union with Elizabeth should take place immediately upon my return. Later in the story, on her wedding night, Elizabeth is mercilessly slain by the monster for the sole purpose of revenge against Victor. She was treated not as a fully formed and feeling human, but as Victors property to be taken and destroyed in retaliation for a transgression. Justines fate further highlights the gross power imbalance in 18th century society. After the monster murders Victors younger brother, he comes across Justine, a servant in the Frankenstein household, sleeping in a barn. He slips a necklace into her pocket, framing her for young Williams death, for the sole crime of being a woman who will never smile at the creature. Thus, she becomes another unwitting victim of male revenge. During her murder trial, despite their desperate pleas, both Elizabeth and Justine are powerless to stop Justines execution. Women at that time were not allowed to testify in court, even in their own defense. Victor alone could exonerate her, yet he does nothing. When the creature finally confronts his creator, he demands Victor provide him with companionship. Not just any companionship; he wants Victor to create a woman and gift her to him as a possession. As Elizabeth was gifted to Victor and as Pandora was gifted to Epimetheus. At first, Victor complies with the creatures request. He creates a woman as monstrous as his original creation. But before imbuing her with life, he instead destroys his female creation. Ripping her limb from limb, overcome with the fear that this female creation would bring yet more sorrow and suffering into the world. He imagines a Pandoras box in her hands as she unleashes unspeakable evil on mankind. And what is the catalyst for this fear? The thought that his female creation would not submit to being possessed but instead have a mind of her own. Such was the fear that 18th century men had of female empowerment and independence.

A University Degree is a Good Investment Essay - 2257 Words

As a recent high school graduate, I spent the last year of high school deciding what I want to do with my life. It was time to seriously answer the question â€Å"what do you want to be when you grow up?† As a child this question seems so broad and open. There are a million things to choose from. One day I could’ve been a teacher, and the next day a veterinarian. But one thing you don’t hear most kids say they dream about being is a college graduate. However, when the time comes to plan your life, suddenly the options diminish and you’re really left with only two; college, or a job. For a long period of time, the majority of high school graduates have chosen college, while the remaining students go directly into the labor force or find†¦show more content†¦Since then thousands of universities have opened and offer many different fields to pursue. From law schools to technical institutes to community colleges, there are a variety of higher educati on options. Since the mass development of universities, it has become more traditional for people of all social statuses to attend college. Also, since 1636 the number of people going to college has also increased as a higher education has become more attainable for the average person. However, in recent times the trend of an increasing enrollment has faded away. This decrease in college registration influences the question of why students have begun to stray away from college in the last few years. Mathew Bidwell, a professor at the Wharton University of Pennsylvania has found that â€Å"About 300,000 fewer students enrolled in college this fall [2013], compared to 2012† (Bidwell 2). This decline in enrollment is something to worry about because the future of the United States falls heavy on the shoulders of education. In 2012 Barrack Obama set a goal for the United States: by the year 2020 America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world. (â€Å"Ensuring† 1.) With the aim of achieving this goal, it is important to stop this decline in college enrollment. In order to understand the decline in college enrollment, it is important to understand the factors that are repelling futureShow MoreRelatedApplication for a Financial Program Essay671 Words   |  3 Pagesfinance and investment and decided to complete Macroeconomics, Money and Banking module in my Economics courses. Throughout my undergraduate studies, I have always been re garded as an academically brilliant, having been recognized on the Deans List for seven consecutive semesters. I was part of top 15% economics students and invited to become a member of The Pennsylvania State University chapter of Golden Key International Honour Society. I am completing a comprehensive undergraduate degree in EconomicsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Ivory Tower By Andrew Rossi1641 Words   |  7 Pagestheir children that, providing they acquire a college education and degree, the world is their oyster. The documentary â€Å"Ivory Tower†, directed by Andrew Rossi, calls that whole notion into question. The biographical film opens at the University of Harvard, the nations oldest institution of higher learning, on move-in day. Hundreds of new students and their parents flood the campus grounds of one of America’s most prestigious universities. From there, in order to provide a complete overview of the completeRead MoreEssay on Should Everyone Go t o University916 Words   |  4 PagesShould everyone go to university? Ariel No.214158 5th November,2012 Benjamin Collins Outlines The thesis of this article is that it is wrong to push everyone to university education, which though have benefits for individual and society. It would cause underemployment and dashed expectations. I) According Tomas Friedman, American would like to focus more on quantity rather than quality comparing with Canadian. II) Higher education is a worthy personal investment. III) Not justRead MoreGoing To College Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesSawhill argue whether or not obligating students in going to college is a good idea, since some people cannot afford the cost or they are not capable of learning in a college environment. Compelling students to go to college should not be the case. People are told when they are little to make their way to college because that is the way society  wants us go. Some careers do not have anything to do with college and the steep investment it brings. To talk about all these variables, this essay will discussRead MoreMaking A Decision For A Higher Education Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesMaking a decision for a higher education can be challenging.   But, understanding the ROR (return on investment) can be an influencing factor to a good decision in pursuing a higher education.   An economic evaluation displays an ROI (return on investment) for an analysis.   An economic evaluation that broadly considers how to o ptimize the production of particular outcomes within budgetary constraints, given certain inputs, can guide such choices (Hummel-Rossi Ashdown, 2002).   However, there mustRead MoreBenefits Of A College Degree944 Words   |  4 Pageshe or she will get a good degree in their major of interest. It will never be a non-beneficial to anyone. Everyone in top position of the nation, companies, market and, college or university always have a good degree. They could have not been there today if they did not have a degree on hand. Therefore, having a college degree makes a great impact to people’s income, personality or overall quality of their life despite the fact that it is expensive, and the reward for investment have gone down. ARead MorePromise of Money Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States economy is rapidly growing since 2010. According to Bloomberg Business News, employments’ rate has risen recently. However, well-paid jobs require some minimum college degree as a credential. As a result, many students continue to pursue higher education. Going to colleges become a popular trend in a modern world. Although many people go to college for various purposes; but in my view, their purposes of going to college are a way to get out of the poverty line and to gain advantagesRead MoreAnalysis Of David Horseys s Todays Economic Indicator 976 Words   |  4 Pagesfriend from college. As the girls engage in some conversation you find out that the last time they met was in high school. You also find out that the customer just got her degree so we can assume that they last saw each other 4 years ago. While the worker complains about her â€Å"loser job† and boasts about the customers new â⠂¬Å"college degree† she asks if she can give the customer free fries with her burger. Shockingly, in the last box of the cartoon, you see a sign saying â€Å"Now Hiring† and the customer saysRead MoreDevelopment Needs Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesabout what my career goal is that I want to be an Investment Manager and that I will need to go to university in order for me to have the relevant qualifications needed to get there, as well as certain areas within my own personal ability an skills that I will need to work on such as Maths right. But what I have not really mentioned is, how will I work on developing these abilities and skills or how will I reach the level of studying at university? Well this is what I will do in this report, becauseRead MoreTuition Reimbursement Implementation Report1009 Words   |  5 PagesImplementation Report Ronald Ahrens XCOM/285 Essentials of Managerial Communication University of Phoenix The following report was helping us explore why we should expanding employee benefits with in this he company. We had a good year but without a good year it would benefit the company so adding tuition reimbursement as an employee benefit would be great. It would help the employees working on their degree in business or communication as they are working for us so this can be a positive in

Standards And Terminology Assignment Nursing - 1630 Words

Standards/Terminology Assignment Nursing is a field that requires all people involved in a patient’s care to be able to speak the same language, and to understand what is begin done to improve each patient’s outcome. There is no room for error or misinterpretation. This is the reason that it is critical to implement standards for nursing terminology. The Center for Nursing Classification and Effectiveness (CNC) is the organization responsible for ongoing research and development of the Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (â€Å"Center for Nursing Classification and Effectiveness†, n.d.). The Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcomes Classification, â€Å"are standardized nursing terminologies focused on nursing treatments and patient outcomes for use across settings and specialties† (â€Å"Center for Nursing Classification and Effectiveness†, n.d.). Both nursing classifications are recognized by the American Nursesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ Association. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) is a standardized set of interventions that are used in all fields of nursing (Bulecheck, Butcher, Dochterman, Wagner, 2013). Because the interventions are standardized, any nursing specialty will know what was performed on the patient by the care provider. This includes all care areas including; psychological, psychosocial, illness treatment, illness prevention, health promotion, community, family and indirect care (Bulecheck et al., 2013). NursingShow MoreRelatedImportant And Implications Of Meaningful Use For Healthcare1317 Words   |  6 Pagesmore advanced technology based healthcare system incentives are offered to qualifying healthcare entities, provided they are utilizing approved health information technology (IT) to comply with standards set by the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS) (Jones, Rudin, Perry, Shekelle, 2014). Standards such as meaningful use help ensure with the use of electronic health records (EHR) that patients are receiving quality care (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). This paperRead MoreThe Role Of The Nmc And The Code Of Practice919 Words   |  4 PagesThis assignment tries to explain the role Nursing and Midwifery Council plays in safeguarding the public and maintaining standard care within the UK. Establishing and maintaining standard rules and regulation and legislations which are there to safeguard people. In order to do that, the author will discuss how the MNC seeks to safeguarding the patients specifically restricting discussing on mental health by regulating mental health nursing. Key terminologies such as regulation and Mental Health NursingRead MoreReflection On Mental Health802 Words   |  4 Pageswith the patients. Similarly, I can utilise the knowledge and experience gained from my nursing practice during the clinical placement and theoretical classes to improve psychosocial and counselling skills. I can communicate effectively using the right terminology in my notes, handover, ward round and appropriately with patients. For me, the most significant learning resulted from theoretical classes, assignments, mental status examination, I can identify underlying problems portrayed by the patientsRead MoreEvaluation Of The Student Nurse Progress Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pageslist down her actions or the steps that she will do in achieving her objectives in a specific timeframe. The nursing student also discussed and reflected on evaluating herself. Therefore, an evaluation which is about assessing is required in her Learning to learn assignment. Furthermore, the student nurse needs to assess and reflect well in her essay to pass her learning to learn assignment. 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The objective of this assignment is to complete the questionnaire, obtain the results, and compare those results to existing conceptions of learning style. This essay will also reflect upon how educators may utilize V.A.R.K. analysis and tailor the presentation of informationRead MoreMy Core Practicum Area Of Interest1594 Words   |  7 Pageswho have searched online while trying to make sense of their health concerns. In order to do so, CHNs must adhere to certain Standards of Practice. 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The influence on clinical care is with disease and case management, DRG assignment and case mix management, clinical documentation and coding, care guidelines or protocols, and nursing documentation. Billing and financial systems are also affecting for health plan contracting, coding, claims processing, payment policy, and physician reimbursement management. Health information

Communicating Across Cultures for Globalization -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCommunicating Across Cultures for Globalization. Answer: Globalization has resulted in people from different backgrounds or with different cultures being brought together in the workplace. This has made it imperative for managers to find out how they can communicate with minimal misinterpretation. Culture defines several aspects of peoples lives including how they perceive the world around them and also how they interact with those whom they come to meet. It is for this reason that those who would like to be managers must learn as much as they can about others in order to understand what they really mean whenever they try to communicate. In a similar manner, those who venture into other continents or regions must learn as much as possible about the culture of those who live in those countries so that they may not end up doing what is considered inappropriate while they think that they are doing the right thing. People should also be willing to adapt to situations and therefore practice some of the cultural practices of those places where t hey go to work both as a sign of respect and to make work easier. A look at the topic of communication across cultures gives insight on what to expect and what to do when dealing with people from different cultures. Communication involves making meaning out of the information that someone is trying to pass across. It mostly involves the use of both verbal and non-verbal cues. Different people put emphasis on different things during the communication process (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). In some cultures, such as the Western culture, the non-verbal cues are not as important as the actual words spoken. On the contrary, gestures and sign form a very significant part of what is communicated among those of the Asian origin, among other people from the East (Steers, Nardon and Sanchez-Runde, 2013). This means that in the workplace there is a tendency of people to interpret reality in a manner that they deem fit, or differently from their peers. In as much as it is argued by most publishers that effective communication is greatly hindered by factors such as gender and age, cultural differences are actually the greatest obstacle in the mid-sized as well as the large companies. Notably, The greater the numbe r of cultural groups, the harder it is to convey the intended message without upsetting one of those in the group. Several theories have been put to explain the reasons why communication involving those of different cultures is difficult. Hofstede (1984) categorizes regions based on six parameters in order to give a visitor insight on what to expect when moving to these places. Some of these parameters include the power, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence indices. With ranks in terms of percentages, it is possible to predict what certain cultures focus on hence a possibility of knowing how to conduct oneself when in these places. A person is able to predict to some extent what to say and when to best say it. These parameters are however not comprehensive when it comes to analyzing communication between people of different cultures( Hakken and Mat, 2014). One is not, for example, able to decipher the value that is attached to things such as gestures and even silence by those who form the minority. Language is thought to play a crucial role in communication. Steers, Nardon and Sanchez-Runde (2013) believe that it is the greatest determinant of how people who try pass information will manage to understand one another especially when they come from different backgrounds. In a similar way, language is believed to be one of the greatest impediments to information flow between those whose cultural backgrounds differ. This may appear contradictory if one is not to notice that language is looked at from different perspectives. It is important for those who move to countries that they are the minority to spend enough time in learning the language of their country for the sake of proper interpretation of the reality(Aronin and Laoire, 2013). People, most of the time work in teams or gather together for the purpose of decision making. These meetings most of the time requires these people to use the dominant language hence the need to properly learn a language when one goes to work in a different geographical region especially where their language is not commonly spoken (Pettigrew,2014). Hence, a good manager must always go for the language that favors as much of the workforce as possible as the first step of minimizing communication difficulties. One component of communication that nearly all managers overlook is the whether some of the workers speak the dominant language as the first or second language thereby failing to know the kind of vocabulary to use. This should not be the case for a serious manager. There are several other important factors to consider when communication between those of different cultures is concerned. These include the appropriateness of the message, the behavior of those communicating, and the message formatting. These factors, however, seem to outweigh language in importance as per Steers explanations in their book (Steers, Nardo, and Sanchez-Runde, 2013). What remains clear however is that these factors need to be put into consideration when people from different cultures are communicating. The topic chosen for discussion needs to be appropriate. Some cultures do not consider for example talking about ones family appropriate whereas in others it is nearly impolite if someone does not ask how their peers family is doing. Among the South Koreans for example, discussions revolving around families are most of the time avoided by the communicating parties whereas in the West people feel comfortable discussing in length about the families of those concerned (Stee rs, Nardon and Sanchez-Runde, 2013). In some culture, discussions about health care issues are seldom allowed as this is mostly associated with lack of positivity and also bad luck (Yum, 2012). On the contrary, some cultures allow for these types of discussions while focusing on the facts that they can deduct from these talks. A manager, therefore, needs to determine if the topic for discussion is considered appropriate by those who belong to the minority, lest he or she may lack to get the feedback that is needed ( Bens,2012). What should be done when this is the case, therefore, is to approach such topics indirectly especially if important information is needed in a discussion. When communication involves people from diverse backgrounds it is also important to note that that context plays an important role in determining the effectiveness of the process (Chaney and Martin, 2013). Context can be broadly grouped into two categories that is, high context and low context cultures. When a culture is termed as high context it means that people in that society give more importance to the context surrounding the message compared to the information itself. Conversely, those that are considered to be from low context cultures give little importance to the context of the message compared to the message itself. This means that the person who is communicating in a low context society must ensure message clarity and even go the extra mile of using things such as a written document (Frankel et al,2012). For those in societies considered to be high context, the manner in which something is said is usually more important than what is actually said. It is therefore important for managers to learn how significant the context is to the communication process and therefore know how to best relay their message. The topic of communication across cultures is very important for all those who may find themselves in leadership positions in regions that are far from them. Moreover, it is prudent for those who plan to go to work in countries or regions which practice different cultures to dig deep into this topic so that they may have substantial knowledge about what is needed to ensure communication is effective (Matsumoto and Hwang, 2013). It is my belief that learning about cross cultural communication will mold me into one of the most accommodative managers as it provides the knowledge on what needs to be done so that their intended message is passed successfully. Having noticed from work that most of the time some colleagues feel alienated because they have different cultural beliefs, I believe that I will be in a better position to understand those from other regions. The rapid growth in industries and institutions means that the interaction of people from different backgrounds is inevitable and so it is important to know what it takes to have meaningful conversations. It is also important for people to be willing to change in terms of behavior or beliefs for effective communication to take place. Learning about cross cultural communication helps one to identify the acceptable behavior when in the company of people from different cultural backgrounds. The way managers are expected to behave in different situations differ depending on the geographical region involved (Okoro, 2012). For those in the West, a manager is expected to be assertive and always take control of situations. Whenever there is a situation, they are mostly required to be among the first to express their opinion. This is however not the case for those in the East. A manager or anyone occupying the top position in most of the Asian firms is usually expected to speak after an invitation from others (Steers, Nardon and Sanchez-Runde,2013). This knowledge, which is obtained from learning about communication, is crucial for people from the East who move westwards and vice versa (Kawar, 2012). The way conversations are ended also differ between people of different cultures. It is important to note that America and Canada and even here in Australia, a manager is usually expected to leave a conversation the moment that he or she is done with discussing the main topic whenever there is a meeting. This tradition is also common in not just companies but also in learning institutions. In countries such as Spain however, it is the norm for a manager to linger a while as they discuss other businesses before he or she leaves (Gesteland, 2012). Hence, I believe that cross cultural communication is one of the most important topics that those who plan to work in diverse environments need to learn. The study of communication across cultures is also important in the enhancement of one's communication skills. Efficient communication is not just a matter of knowing the most suitable language to use in the workplace or the most appropriate behavior but also involves broadening one's knowledge from the smallest of cues that can be noted during the process of information sharing (Thomas and Peterson, 2017). Surprisingly, sometimes silence can also be an important form of communication which when used correctly can pass the intended message without a lot of effort being put into the information passing process (Tjosvold, 2017). It is however not easy to know when to use silence as a tool for communicating, not unless one does it practically especially when surrounded by those whose culture places a lot of value on silence and non-verbal cues. Most companies today are trying to ensure that they enhance the communication skills of their employees by making sure they are routinely traine d on the business practices of their regions before they are given the go ahead to start working in those localities (Men and Tsai, 2012). Etiquette is now an important part of the training offered to those who may not belong to the majority groups. This topic has taught me a lot of things. For instance, it has become clear that people perceive situations differently based on their cultural inclinations. As such it becomes prudent to know how best to make them understand you. This can be achieved by having the zeal to learn how people from different parts of the world communicate. Anyone who hopes to be a manager must understand that organizations will rarely be made up of the same type of people and that the likelihood of having friction as a result of misinterpretation is quite high once people who belong to different cultural groups are brought together. Since I plan to become a global manager, I hope to use this knowledge to foster cohesiveness within the organization that I may head. I am already having challenges in my day to day life when it comes to communicating effectively with those who are from some parts of the world, a situation that I hope will improve with time especially once I am done with my course. I plan to visit other parts of the world, especially the East to learn about the dominant cultural practices in these places more so the ones that are useful when it comes to communication. Since there is rapid growth in countries such as China, the importance of learning about their values is quite high as several industries or firms including the Australian ones may be interested in opening branches or plants there (Shambaugh, 2013). For one to thrive in these places cultural knowledge about others is important. Relaying information also requires that people listen attentively. It is only through attentive listening that those in the managerial positions can learn from their failures and therefore find the best solutions for their companies especially when they are coming from those who may not belong to the dominant cultural group(Alberts et al, 2015). The effect of external factors should also not be overlooked as they may contribute to the effectiveness of the communication (Caligiuri and Tarique, 2012). When a manager is not only a skilled listener but also a person who is able to avoid external hindrances to the communication process, he or she is usually able to close deals easily and guide the company to prosperity. To sum up, it is important to learn about cross cultural communication because most companies are hiring people from different backgrounds. Learning how to be effective when passing messages between those of different cultures is not easy. One has to be prepared to make mistakes and sometimes to unintentionally offend one of the parties involved in the communication process. It is only through practice and commitment that someone may be able to get to that position in which he or she knowns what to say and when to say it. Effective communication is key in promoting cohesiveness within an organization and also ensuring that the company remains innovative due to the input of those from different backgrounds. In my opinion, cross-cultural communication should be taught to everyone who would want to be a manager. References Alberts, J.K., Nakayama, T.K. and Martin, J.N., 2015.Human communication in society. Pearson. Aronin, L. and Laoire, M., 2013. The material culture of multilingualism: moving beyond the linguistic landscape.International Journal of Multilingualism,10(3), pp.225-235. Caligiuri, P. and Tarique, I., 2012. Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness.Journal of World Business,47(4), pp.612-622. Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Frankel, R.M., Flanagan, M., Ebright, P., Bergman, A., O'brien, C.M., Franks, Z., Allen, A., Harris, A. and Saleem, J.J., 2012. Context, culture and (non-verbal) communication affect handover quality.BMJ Qual Saf,21(Suppl 1), pp.i121-i128. Gesteland, R.R., 2012.Cross-cultural business behavior: a guide for global management. Copenhagen Business School Press DK. Hakken, D. and Mat, P., 2014, October. The culture question in participatory design. InProceedings of the 13th Participatory Design Conference: Short Papers, Industry Cases, Workshop Descriptions, Doctoral Consortium papers, and Keynote abstracts-Volume 2(pp. 87-91). ACM. Hofstede, G., 1984. Cultural dimensions in management and planning.Asia Pacific journal of management,1(2), pp.81-99. Kawar, T.I., 2012. Cross-cultural differences in management.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(6). Matsumoto, D. and Hwang, H.C., 2013. Assessing cross-cultural competence: A review of available tests.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,44(6), pp.849-873. Men, L.R. and Tsai, W.H.S., 2012. How companies cultivate relationships with publics on social network sites: Evidence from China and the United States.Public Relations Review,38(5), pp.723-730. Okoro, E., 2012. Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion.International journal of business and management,7(16), p.130. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Shambaugh, D.L., 2013.China goes global: The partial power(Vol. 111). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Steers, R.M., Nardon, L. and Sanchez-Runde, C.J., 2013.Management across cultures: Developing global competencies. Cambridge University Press. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2017.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Tjosvold, D., 2017.Cross-cultural management: foundations and future. Routledge.

Zak Brooks Essays (708 words) - 2nd Millennium,

Zak Brooks Del Carey Essay Questions WorldCivII 12November2017 American Revolution Vs. French Revolution TheAmericanRevolution was thethirteen American colonies leading a revolt on GreatBritain. The revolt took place in 1765-1783 becoming the United States of America. The French Revolutionwas a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in Francethat lasted from 1789 -1799. The revolution was to overthrow the Monarchy. The French and American revolution had similarities and differences. The French Revolution and American Revolution were the instances of civilians rebelling against their government. They were both based offofunfairtaxationbythe Monarchy.The French peasants were not represented by the Parliament. It was mainly composed of middle andupper-classpeople. Now, the American colonists were not represented in England because of their lack of presence. Both wanted to set up a Republic, which provided liberty and justice to all classes of citizens.TheFrench rebelled against their government in a violent manner, as did the Americans. Both revolutions wereordinarycitizens who had taken up arms and turned on and started attacking their government. This is important because both revolutions were executed in this way. They both used weapons andartilleryto attack the opposition intosubmission. Both revolutions had differences as well. One majordifferencewas the fact that theAmericanrebels had the use of warships. This means thatunlikethe French the Americans had use of a Navy. Being able to have access to a navy means more weapons as well as ability to attack by sea as well as land. TheFrenchdid not have a Navy so they were limited toattacking by land.The American Revolution started out by not wanting bloodshed andviolence, whereasFrancestarted out with violence and bloodshed.The American Revolution was the first significant revolution of the century, and it was also the first to be successful. The main reason it was successful was that it did not start out being "rebellious" in nature, but rather conservative. In anotherwords, it was not a rebellion against the Government, but rather against having too much government controlling them.The French revolution was a true rebellion against the King and the government in general. The French were the ones on the offensive, fighting to gain new freedom starting with the Storming of the Bastille.TheAmericanswere also their own colony that was rebelling against their government. They also had more time to prepare seeing as Britain was across an ocean and could notact quickly. Because they had to travel acrossan ocean the Americans would be prepared for them whentheyFinally arrived in America. The revolutionary Moment of the American Revolution would probably be when it started to turn hostile. Prior to the British forces destroying supplies atLexingtonand concord in 1775 the Americans had two main protests. The burning of theGaspeein Rhode Island 1772and the Boston Tea Party in 1773, which destroyed aconsignmentof taxed tea. Following thisact,theBritishclosed theBostonHarbor. The conflict overthesupplies atLexingtonand concord eventually erupted into a global war between the American Patriots and the British Loyalists. Eachof the thirteen colonies built aProvincial Congressthat assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Armyunder the leadership of GeneralGeorge Washington. This eventually led to the American and French allies capturing the last British Forces inYorktowneffectively ending the war. The Turning point of the FrenchRevolution was that people began to want toself-governin Europe, already there was a republic in America. This made France feel that they would be able to overthrow the French Monarch to achieve their own freedom as well. The major turning point was the storming of thebasillebecause it was a point of no return for many because they hadcommittedan act of treason.king Louis sent soldiers to break up the National Assembly which was being held on his Tennis Court. This caused the people to retaliate and storm theBasillebecause they wanted a republic and theBasillerepresented the oppressive and wrong Monarchy. I believe that the American Revolution was more influential to the world because it was the first one to happen. It also led to theUnitedStates becoming a country on their own Which was big step for the western world. It also being the first to happen seemed to open up a door for the rest of the world including the French who followed shortly after.

Descriptive Essay House on Fire Essays

Descriptive Essay House on Fire Essays Descriptive Essay House on Fire Paper Descriptive Essay House on Fire Paper descriptive essay house on fire The House on Fire That cold night of December 2004 had left behind a memory which will stay in my mind for a never ending period of time. That night was not the same as the rest of the days in my life. Instead of going to bed, that night I was standing in the middle of the road, in complete terror. My heartbeat was accelerating with fear and tears were rolling down my cheeks as I saw Emily taken away by the ambulance. The house, which I was standing in front of, was burning as fire engulfed it from all sides. There was fire everywhere. The roof was on fire, the doors and the windows were on fire, fire was even coming out of the house through various openings, looking like a fire-breathing dragon was inside the house, puffing fire. The flames burned deep red and amber, almost livid purple as I saw various firefighters trying to put out the fire. Nothing inside was likely to survive the fire. Flames were licking up in the air with the wind, trying to catch something else on fire, and finding nothing but air, disappearing into the windy night, like disappointed flutters. Everything was happening too fast. During a minute or less, fire had spread across the entire landing. I was petrified by the sight of the fire, which crawled lizard like up the house. The house was exploding in yellow blue flames that quickly turned orange. I was trembling and whimpering softly as I saw Emily’s mother sitting on the ground, helplessly. She was crying out of despair. Her reaction had made me even more scared. I wanted someone to console me by telling me that nothing will happen to Emily. She was my best friend. We had spent seven years of our childhood together and I did not want to lose her. I was praying silently while Emily’s mother had lost all the hope of her survival. I had never felt so alone before. Even the thought of losing her, frightened me. I felt as if I was living through the worst nightmare. Grief is the worst feeling in the world. You feel hopeless, scared, angry, frustrated, alone and afraid. Going through a phase in life when you have a feeling of losing someone is hard to accept and it is much harder for an eight years old child. You feel as if the world had stopped and you could never move on in life. It is very painful to accept that you will no longer be able to see someone who was very close to the heart. I was crying while looking at the crowd of people that had clustered around the house by that time. The voices of the people echoed in my ear hauntingly. Their screams and shouts gave rise to my fear. I was horrified by the siren of the ambulance, the police car and the firefighters, the ringing of the phones of the crowd, the yelling, the cries, the increasing roar of the fire; everything added chaos to that place and frightened me even more. Ghosts of smoke were drifting across the street. I smelled smoke. It was not heavy, but it had a pungent smell. I started to cough as the smoke enfolded me. The air surrounding me was becoming less breathable by the second. My mouth was filled with the bitter taste of the smoke. I wanted a draught of clean air to rinse out my polluted lungs. The cough had aggravated pain in my head. My eyes were becoming swollen and watery. Soon after, the fire got quite out of control as the whole house was on fire. The firefighters evacuated the street and told everyone to go inside their houses. I had no choice but to retreat to my room where I could see, feel, and hear Emily’s house burn down. In a few minutes, the house had been reduced to a pile of rubble, ashes, and smouldering wood and items. There was a rotting smell that took over the whole neighbourhood, like a bad barbeque party gone horribly wrong. The smell was so overpowering that it took almost a week to get it out of my nose. That horrifying night of December still reminds me how valuable a person is in our life. If the firefighters were even one minute late in rescuing Emily, I would have lost my best friend that day.

What is the EU a trading area or an enlarged European State Should Dissertation

What is the EU a trading area or an enlarged European State Should Turkey allowed to join the club - Dissertation Example The so-called Kemalist ideology of Turkey is based on the philosophies developed by Kemal Ataturk, the first president of the Republic of Turkey (1923-1938). His ambition was to modernise the nation and, thereby, launch Turkey into mainstream Western culture.Ever since the foundation of modern day Turkey in 1923, this country with a predominantly Muslim population has been a secular democracy closely aligned with the West. Turkey was a founding member of the United Nations, and has been a member of NATO since 1952, the Council of Europe since 1949, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since 1961 and an associate member of the Western European Union since 1992. Ankara chose to begin co-operating closely with the then European Economic Community (EEC) in 1959, and Turkey's prospective membership of the EEC's successor, the European Union, has been a source of much debate ever since. Turkey's relationship with the EEC was legally sanctioned in 1963 when it si gned an Association Agreement with the EU. This is the first preliminary step on the path to full membership. Since then, Turkish hopes have been put on hold, particularly following its invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and the military coup of 1980.A major turning point for Turkey's EU prospects was the decision reached at the Helsinki Summit in December 1999 to grant official candidate status to the country. In the period between 1999 and 2004, Turkey took great steps in order to meet the Copenhagen criteria, especially regarding stable institutions, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and the protection of minorities. A key step in this process was the signing of the protocol on the de facto abolition of the death penalty. The European Council decided in December 2004 to open accession negotiations with Turkey in October the following year. Nevertheless, practical negotiations on the 35 chapters of the ‘acquis communautaire’ only began in June 2006. From the very beginnings of the creation of the European Union, Turkey has shown a keen interest in the integration process in Europe and, indeed has considered becoming a member of EU to be a logical consequence of its modernisation and Westernisation policies. Consequently, it came as no surprise when Turkey applied for associate membership in 1959 and went on to sign the Ankara Agreement with the EU in 1963, an agreement which not only recognised Turkey’s eligibility to participate in European integration but explicitly envisaged Turkey’s eventual full membership of the EU. EU-Turkey relations have, however, experienced serious difficulties resulting from the essential incompatibility of both parties’ policies with the declared objectives of their Association agreement. In particular, it seems unlikely that the ultimate objectives of the Association Agreement –Turkish accession to the EU – will be achieved in the foreseeable future. On the one hand, this is b ecause the EU has always considered Turkey to be an awkward candidate for EU membership: turkey is different, problematic and thus, by implication, a more difficult case than any other applicants. The EU scepticism towards the prospect of Turkish membership can be seen in its policies, which have basically south to maintain and strengthen the existing Association Agreement. However, this has been inadequate to prepare Turkey for EU membership. In fact, the EU has developed an alternative approach towards Turkey, which can be best described as containment strategy, designed to delay indefinitely the prospect of membership while keeping Turkey within economic, security and political sphere of influence of the EU. This paper argued that the EU has treated Turkey differently compared to the other applicant countries in the present enlargement round. In this respect, before further exploring this argument, there seems to be an important question remaining: Why should the EU treat all app licants ‘fairly’ in the enlargement process? In this respect, the question might arise as to

Reading Respond#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Respond#3 - Essay Example U.S, and of the armed forces of the numerous states, when given the actual service of America and commission all the service personnel of the United States (The Founders Constitution 1). The separation of war powers within the U.S Constitution does not appear so uncertain. While the President is given some exclusive authorities (Straub 1-2), the immensity of the authority to take the country to war depends on Congress (Kinkopf 2). According to U.S. Constitution, there is separation of powers of war. With Congress having the power to proclaim war, select and sustain the armed forces, and manage war funding (Article I, Section 8). At the time the Constitution was outlined (Kinkopf 2), the framers evaluated the singular willpower of the Executive against the Legislature’s consultative function, whose components would ultimately carry the cost of battle (The Founders Constitution 1). The ultimate responsibility for any military engagement is held by the congress. This is clear as it is supported by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has been fast to remind the people that, where overlaps in the authorities given by the Constitution prevail, reverence goes to Congress. This is a clear declaration of Supreme Court that when Congress, acting in the vast aspects of overlapping authority, tells the President no, the President ought to comply (Kinkopf 2). Straub, Steve. Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Paper #69, On Command of the Army and Navy. On March 21, 2011. Accessed from

Pollution prevention Essay Example for Free

Pollution prevention Essay The article written by Chris Wiant â€Å"What is the P2 trend all about, and how are environmental health professionals involved?† discusses the history, objectives and significance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s pollution prevention (P2) program to the environment and public health. In the early 70s, there was already a conscious effort in protecting the nation’s vital natural resources which was pioneered by Congress. But EPA wanted to expand their strategy in environmental protection which resulted in the birth of the P2 program. The main thrust of the pollution prevention program is to encourage companies to get involved in the community level by taking the initiative in becoming leaders in protecting the environment. In addition, the application of the program has facilitated the identification of its â€Å"potential for significant economic benefits by avoiding the need for treatment at the end-of-the-pipe.† Since P2 has been well received by businesses and its positive benefits are eminent, the next challenge is â€Å"how to institutionalize P2 as a standard business practice, and 2) how to get businesses and communities to see that P2 can be a pathway to a new partnership between them† (Wiant, 1997, p. 24). Moreover, the pollution prevention program is not only a directive that is focused on conservation and preservation of the natural resources. It is more directed at the sustainable maintenance of the activities that were already started by companies and the EPA but in a larger scale. Th e certainty of the success of the program can only be guaranteed if all sectors of the society work hand in hand in order to achieve a single goal which is to reduce the damage inflicted to the environment. Another aspect of the P2 program that is very appealing is its emphasis on preventive measures. Its design of â€Å"reducing the emission of toxic Pollution Prevention 2  substances into the environment, focusing on the manufacturing process as the point in which to control toxin emissions† is an innovative idea that will dramatically trim down the production of harmful substances. Through this approach a potential problem can be addressed to its initial stage. Instead of using the end-of-the-pipe strategy, businesses can already start with prevention during the manufacturing process. As a result, massive damages to  the environment can be avoided and it can also eliminate the risk of inflicting impairment to the public’s health. Also, it can significantly reduce the cost for businesses in decreasing their toxic emissions. It is like shooting 2 birds in 1 stone because companies can save a lot of money and time by just implementing the P2 program in their business p rocedures. By mandating business to utilize the P2 program, changes in common business practices will occur. But this alteration would be for the overall improvement of the policies and procedures of a company. Moreover, in a community that practices such programs, the quality of life of the people will greatly improve and the relationship of coexistence between man and nature will continue to flourish for the better (Wiant, 1997, p. 24)†¦ †¦ Works Cited Wiant, C. J. (1997). What is the P2 trend all about, and how are environmental health professionals involved?. Journal of Environmental Health, 59, 24.

Fashion Essay :: essays research papers

It is quite evident as you walk around the streets of almost any city or town in America that the line between what was once considered the black style of dress and the white styles has become less and less evident. This is especially true with the younger kids in junior high and high school. The baggy pants and shirts with labels and bright colors that were once reserved for the inner city black and Latino kids, are now being worn by whites in wealthy suburban neighborhoods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I lived in a wealthy upper middle class area outside of Nashville Tennessee for most of my life and over the past five to ten years the change in style of dress for suburban kids has become more and more evident. Main stream stores such as Dillard’s and Castner Knot’s started carrying the underground hip-hop clothes that were once only found in the larger cities. Even major labels such as Tommy Hillfigger started designing larger clothes with brighter colors. There jeans were available in relaxed fit and even baggy. Hip Hop had now become a large market for young teenagers and people in their early twenties. I went to a private school with a very strict dress code and even there you could tell that the new urban fashion was having an effect on the way some students dressed. They would try to get baggier pants and would wear bright colored shirts with logos on the front. At ballgames they would wear baggy blue jeans and sweatshirts with â€Å"Polo† or â€Å"Nautica† emblems on the front. Whenever we had a casual day all the kids would go to the mall and you would see the baggy jeans and bright shirts on everyone. When the weather got colder kids at school started wearing the bomber ski jackets, so many people at my school had them that the school maid them illegal to wear. Also more and more guys started wearing the large hiking boots that were to bulky for their khaki pants, so they had to cut them at the bottom to fit around the boots.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I don’t know exactly how these trends came about but I remember it started when I was in seventh or eighth grade. At first it was the large â€Å"Starter† jackets with The Raiders or Miami Dolphins logos on them, and then it went to overalls and Adidas shoes and jackets.

American Express Company Essay

American Express Company, sometimes known as AmEx, is a diversified global financial services company headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1850, it is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. At present, there are 58,300 employees worldwide working in American Express earning annual revenue of $24. 5 billion. Its assets are valued at $124 billion, with $620 billion in annual purchase volume on American Express Cards and $87. 9 million cards-in-force. Each day, American Express makes it easier, safer and more rewarding for consumers and businesses to purchase the things they need and for merchants to sell their goods and services. An engine of commerce, American Express provides innovative payment, travel and expense management solutions for individuals and businesses of all sizes. Most of all, it helps the customers realize their dreams and aspirations through industry-leading benefits, access to unique experiences, business-building insights, and global customer care. It enables its customers to do more and achieve more. The vision of American Express is to work hard every day to make American Express the world’s most respected service brand. â€Å"Living up to our values is our first priority. † They believe in three operating principles they are: Offer superior value propositions to all of the customers Operate with best-in-class economics Support the American Express brand American Express is the world’s largest card issuer by purchase volume. They process millions of transactions daily as the premium network for high-spending card-members. The American Express is also known for helping mall business owners succeed by delivering purchasing power, flexibility and financial control. Adding on to its roles American Express also provides commercial payment tools and expertise that help companies control their spending and save billions of dollars, offer marketing and information management insights that help merchants build their businesses. The American Express employees are customer loyal experts with industry-leading rewards programs and platforms. They operate the world’s largest travel network serving consumers and businesses and are recognized as the most innovative company in our industries. They are dedicated to serving their customers, 24/7, around the world. The Values which they operate on reflect who the company is and what it stands for as a company. They believe in Customer Commitment, Quality, Integrity, Teamwork, Respect for People, Good Citizenship, Will to Win Personal and Accountability. Human Resource Practices at American Express Being a service industry firm, the employees form the base of all its operations and so the company gives a lot of importance to its HR practices which starts from assessing the need for new employees or new recruits. At American Express it starts with Projecting head counts, Assigning requisition number, identifying relevant profiles and estimating the number of candidates. The recruitment process starts with projecting the head counts i. e. by assessing how many candidates are required at a particular point in time in various departments. As per the requirements identified for different departments the company assigns a Requisition Number which differentiates various job requirements from one other. The Requisition Number is a unique code assigned by the company to different jobs which consists of the job description, minimum requirement for the job and the selection criteria. American Express then identifies the profiles that are relevant as per the requirements given by the Requisition Number and then estimates as to how many candidates will actually appear for the selection process. The company uses different sourcing channels for identifying relevant profiles as per its requirements. American Express uses both internal as well as external sources of recruitment. The Internal sources of the company consist of Employee Referral and Internal Sourcing Team under which the HR department asks its employees to refer the suitable candidates as per the job requirement. A candidate selected via an Employee Referral leads to the Employees getting a specific amount as a form of reward for contributing a resource to the Organization. As a part of the External sources the company contacts with External Vendors and Consultants and also goes to colleges for hiring. Beside this the company uses Job Postings also by advertising in job portals like www. Naukri. com, www. monsterindia. com etc. American Express also uses Social Networking Sites for inviting application by posting on www. facebook. com and www. linkedin. com . Beside the electronic media the company also advertise in newspapers like Times of India and Hindustan Times. American Express, for certain type of jobs, also invites walk-ins. After deciding when to hire and selecting different profiles as per the job advertisement given, the company goes for recruitment. For the recruitment process American Express generally prefers face to face interview. Face to face interview is given preference because of the fact that American Express being a service firm needs to test a candidate’s personality , his/her body language as how the person carries himself/ herself and his attitude towards work and also how he/she interacts with people. Face to face interview besides acting as a platform for assessing an applicant on the above mentioned parameters also allows the company to check the data provided by the candidate. The decisions regarding entry level staffing depends upon the attrition level of the company at a particular period of time. The entry level staffing is done in the form of bulk hiring and contacts from employment agencies are also utilized for the same. Wherein the company sends the required qualifications along with the Requisition Numbers for the vacant positions and then these requirements are matched up with the available candidates’ profiles. American Express hires students from across Campuses of local colleges if they are invited for the same by that particular college for recruitment else they don’t go for hiring in campuses by their own judgement. The interviews are usually held on Fridays, but as the need may be, sometimes they are conducted on Saturdays and Sundays as well. The turn ups on weekend drive ranges from 300-350 for Non Voice Requirements and 150-200 for Voice Requirements. For executive hiring American Express has tie ups with employment agencies wherein experienced people are searched for the Organization. Along with executive hiring American Express is into head hunting as one of its processes for executive hiring to have talented pool of people for the organization. American Express also prefers people from IITs & IIMs for filling up their executive positions. In case of executive hiring American Express generally sells its profile to have good resources for the organization. Once the selection mode is finalized then the series of face to face interviews gets started as the further steps of selection process. Executive hiring is process which requires time duration of 3-4 months at least. American Express is into Bulk Hiring for Voice Process as well as Non-Voice Process. Apart from Bulk Hiring it is also into Executive Hiring. American Express follows a set process for conducting these various levels of interview. Since the number of turn ups for the Voice & Non-Voice Processes are largely high they avoid taking an initial HR Screening Process; the reason behind this is lack of time. The Requisition Numbers that they get have a deadline that need to be met hence a HR Screening Process becomes too time consuming so it is avoided in the cases of Bulk Hiring. American Express is very staunch when it comes to hiring any candidate per se. Hence they believe that a Face to Face Interview & interaction would be an ideal way to judge the candidate. The American Express has four Levels of Interview. First, Personal Introduction Round, where the candidate is required to give an elaborate insight into his Educational Background, his past Work Experience, a glimpse into his personality & the Attitudes and abilities he possesses. Next step is the Voice Assessment Test for Voice Process and the Written Test for the Non-Voice Process. Wherein the candidates are judged upon various parameters like, their Communication, Accent, Voice Modulation, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Spelling, Grammer etc. The reason behind doing these tests is to find the right candidate for the right role i. e. f one would suit for a Voice or a Non-Voice Process. The third step is the Operational or the Technical Round. In this the candidate is assessed on the skills that they possess and that are crucial to meet that particular job requirements. The candidate is interviewed on his Technical competencies & abilities. Finally, they have something called the Offer Round. It is also called the Salary Negotiation Round. This round is all about the Compensation Discussion, a discussion between the HR Manager & the Candidate over the expected compensation & the industry set Compensation Level. Once this discussion comes to a pause a final compensation is decided and an offer is rolled out to the candidate. The Levels of Interview slightly differ in the case of Executive Hiring. The First step in Executive Hiring is matching the profile according to the Requisition Number. Here the one thing that we need to make a note of is the fact that, a stringent HR Screening Process is followed, where the HR Manager strictly follows an HR Screening Checklist, to check whether the candidate matches the requirement as has been mentioned in and by the Requisition Number and the Job Description. All the other levels and steps being the same the only difference lies in the fact that they do not take any Written Test or Voice Assessment Test. This Step is eliminated from the process of Executive Hiring. The reason being that, this level generally constitutes of Top Level Management Employees & Officials and their mode of operation differs from the base or Ground level Employees. Rest they go through the same levels and steps of the Interview Selection Process. American Express believes in On the Spot job offer for Bulk Hiring wherein once the interview process is completed the candidate is given an offer letter. Executive Hiring or Non Bulk Hiring Offer is rolled out in 2days. (Within which the Candidate’s Confirmation is required). When the company hires the candidates in bulk then the entire process of interviewing to offer takes around 2 days and after the completion all the selected candidates are offered a job-letter. To close each Requisition an Average of 2 months is required starting from the process of selecting the forms, short-listing the candidates then conducting group discussion and PI and finally closing up of interview takes around 2 months. Niche Skills and Top Level Security Profiles take approximately an average of 3-4months. The technical skills which are niche, uncommon and difficult in nature to find takes approximately around 3 months because in this the company looks for a specific quality which can be used for further growth and development of the organization. Profiles of Vanilla Skills take 2 months to close. The American Express conducts a thorough Criminal Background Check, education verification and work experience. All portions of the check are completed before the Employee can begin his/her employment with the Organization. These checks are often used by American Express as a means of objectively evaluating a job candidate’s qualifications, character, fitness, and to identify potential hiring risks for safety and security reasons. The Background check at American Express is also used to thoroughly investigate the Employees Background and past information in order to get a security clearance. So this background check is extremely crucial in American Express recruitment process. They give huge importance in the same. If any of the above mentioned criteria doesn’t match in this process or a failure to adhere to the background check norms could eventually lead to the cancellation of the Candidates offer and Blacklisting of the candidate. Wherein the company cancels the application of the candidate or the candidate’s selection is being closed. Information’s which are being written in the resume has to be genuine and should be according to the actual background, experience of the candidate and basically those perfect information reflects the personality & the ability of the candidate. It is very easy for the candidate to prove or perform the same on the spot and simultaneously differentiate himself as the able candidate for the respective post. The American Express out sources its Background Check process to various firms. These are Syndicate firms which does the background check for its new hires in return for a fee amount. The On-Boarding Process begins when Candidate joins them for an informative first–day orientation where they learn the ins and outs of American Express history and culture. On-Boarding involves integrating and acculturating new employees into the organisation and providing them with the tools, resources, and knowledge to become successful and productive. It is a 2 day process. On boarding includes orientation collection of documents such as the Experience Certificate or Letter, Reference Letter, Educational Documents, Identification Proof etc. Orientation at American Express is a social function which serves as a familiarization programme provided to new employees. It stands as a ‘getting to know us’ programme. So they give information about their policies and working culture means how to work with American Express. In this on boarding process the new joiners are also made to fill various forms such as the provident fund and gratuity. A Separate Training Department with group or individual training in specified areas focused on carrying out assignments connected with related field they are working in which helps in improving the skills and knowledge of the employees. Special training is given to all the candidates from Campus Recruits to Bulk Hires to Executives who are recruited. This training focuses mainly on the rules and regulations the company follows and what all are the objectives the company has to achieve. The Training Methods or Forms of Training that American Express uses are vast. It comprises of Formal Training, for all employees whether they are new hires of existing employees. All and one have to undergo a formal training session in American Express. Another form of Training that American Express follows is Lectures and Classroom Trainings where in the Employees obtain training in a traditional classroom environment as per their convenience and time. It provides the employees with an environment that includes a lab, an instructor, and a structured approach to teaching. Another mode of Training that it follows is Online Training. This method is generally used in case of training the Top Level Officials and Managers. American Express Values every second of its Employees time especially when it is related to the Top management because they are involved with the major operations of the organization. So instead of disrespecting their time by calling them for a classroom session it looks for their convenience. They take up their training programs online which is quicker, simpler and convenient for them. The next form of Training method that they apply is Questionnaire. Where in the HR Manager floats a Questionnaire to it Employees / Trainees and they collect their responses and give them the feedback. â€Å"An unusual method of training its employees but it tends to be more effective than classroom sessions† says Saumyajit K. Pal, HR Manager (MIS & Analytics), American Express.

An Overview of the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision

On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court handed down its historic decision in Roe v. Wade, overturning a Texas interpretation of abortion law and making abortion legal in the United States.  It was a turning point in  womens reproductive rights and has remained a hot-button issue within United States politics ever since. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, based primarily on the right to privacy. In later trimesters, state restrictions could be applied. Fast Facts: Roe v. Wade Case Argued: December 13, 1971; October 11, 1972Decision Issued:  January 22, 1973Petitioner:  Jane Roe (appellant)Respondent:  Henry Wade (appellee)Key Questions: Does the Constitution embrace a womans right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Douglas, Brennan, Stuart, Marshall, Blackmun, and PowellDissenting: Justices White and RehnquistRuling:  A womans right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy as protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. However, while decision gave women autonomy during the first trimester of pregnancy, different levels of state interest for the second and third trimesters were allowed.   Facts of the Case   In 1969, Texan Norma McCorvey was a poor, working class 22-year-old woman, unmarried and looking to end an unwanted pregnancy. But in Texas, abortion was illegal unless it was for the purpose of saving the life of the mother.† She was eventually referred to attorneys Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, who were looking for a plaintiff to challenge the Texas law. On their advice, McCorvey, using the pseudonym Jane Roe, filed a lawsuit against the Dallas County district attorney Henry Wade, an official responsible for enforcing criminal laws, including anti-abortion statutes. The suit said the law was unconstitutional because it was an invasion of her privacy; she sought the overturn of the law and an injunction so she could go ahead with the abortion.   The district court agreed with McCorvey that the law was unconstitutionally vague and violated her right to privacy under the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments, but refused to issue an injunction. McCorvey appealed and the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, along with another case called Doe v. Bolton, lodged against a similar Georgia statute. The Supreme Court case filing occurred on March 3, 1970, when McCorvey was six months pregnant; she eventually gave birth and that child was adopted. She said she wanted to continue with the case to support other womens rights. Arguments for Roe v. Wade began on December 13, 1971. Weddington and Coffee were the plaintiffs lawyers. John Tolle, Jay Floyd, and Robert Flowers were the defendants lawyers. Constitutional Issues   The Roe v. Wade case was argued for the plaintiff Jane Roe on the grounds that the Texas abortion law violated the Fourteenth and Ninth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law to all citizens and, in particular, required that laws be clearly written.   Previous cases challenging abortion laws usually cited the Fourteenth Amendment, claiming that the law was not specific enough when a womans life might be threatened by pregnancy and childbirth. However, since attorneys Coffee and Weddington wanted a decision that rested on a pregnant womans right to decide for herself whether or not an abortion was necessary, they based their argument on the Ninth Amendment, which states: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The framers of the Constitution had recognized that new rights might be developed in years to come and they wanted to be able to protect those rights. The state prepared its case primarily on the basis that a fetus had legal rights, which ought to be protected. The Arguments The argument for the plaintiff Jane Doe stated that, under the U.S. Bill of Rights, a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy. It is improper for a State to impose on a womans right to privacy in personal, marital, familial, and sexual decisions. There is no case in the Courts history that declares that a fetus—a developing infant in the womb—is a person. Therefore, the fetus cannot be said to have any legal right to life. Because it is unduly intrusive, the Texas law is unconstitutional and should be overturned. The argument for the State rested on its duty to protect prenatal life. The unborn are people, and as such are entitled to protection under the Constitution because life is present at the moment of conception. The Texas law was, therefore, a valid exercise of police powers reserved to the States in order to protect the health and safety of citizens, including the unborn. The law is constitutional and should be upheld. Majority Opinion   On Jan. 22, 1973, the Supreme Court handed down their ruling, holding that a womans right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision gave a woman a right to abortion during the entirety of the pregnancy and defined different levels of state interest for regulating abortion in the second and third trimesters.   In the first trimester, the state (that is, any government) could treat abortion only as a medical decision, leaving medical judgment to the womans physician.In the second trimester (before viability), the states interest was seen as legitimate when it was protecting the health of the mother.After the viability of the fetus (the likely ability of the fetus to survive outside of and separated from the uterus), the potential of human life could be considered as a legitimate state interest. The state could choose to regulate, or even proscribe abortion as long as the life and health of the mother was protected. Majority: Harry A. Blackmun (for The Court), William J. Brennan, Lewis F. Powell Jr., Thurgood Marshall. Concurring: Warren Burger, William Orville Douglas, Potter Stewart Dissenting Opinion In his dissenting opinion, Justice William H. Rehnquist argued that the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment did not intend it to protect a right of privacy, a right which they did not recognize and that they definitely did not intend for it to protect a woman’s decision to have an abortion. Justice Rehnquist further argued that the only right to privacy is that which is protected by the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures. The Ninth Amendment does not apply here.   Finally, he concluded that because this issue required a careful balance of the interests of the woman against the interests of the state, it was not an appropriate decision for the Court to make, but instead was a question that should have been left up to state legislatures to resolve. Dissenting: William H. Rehnquist (for The Court), Byron R. White The Impact The Texas statute was struck down as a whole, and further, Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others. All state laws limiting womens access to abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy were invalidated by the Roe v. Wade decision. State laws limiting such access during the second trimester were upheld only when the restrictions were for the purpose of protecting the health of the pregnant woman.   As for Norma McCorvey, four days after the decision, she publicly identified herself as Jane Roe. Living in a happy lesbian relationship in Dallas, she stayed relatively unknown until 1983, when she began volunteering at a womens health center. As an activist, she eventually helped establish the Jane Roe Foundation and the Jane Roe Womens Center, to help poor Texas women obtain legal abortions.   In 1995, McCorvey connected with a pro-life group and renounced abortion rights, helping co-create a new Texas nonprofit, Roe No More Ministry. Although she continued to live with her partner Connie Gonzalez, she also publicly rejected homosexuality. McCorvey died in 2017.   Sources Greenhouse, Linda, and Reva B. Siegel. Before (and after) Roe V. Wade: New Questions About Backlash. The Yale Law Journal 120.8 (2011): 2028-87. Print.Joffe, Carole. Roe V. Wade at 30: What Are the Prospects for Abortion Provision? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35.1 (2003): 29-33. Print.Klorman, Renee, and Laura Butterbaugh. Roe V. Wade Turns 25. Off Our Backs 28.2 (1998): 14-15. Print.Langer, Emily. Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abortion nationwide, dies at 69. The Washington Post February 28, 2017.  Ã‚  Prager, Joshua. The Accidental Activist. Vanity Fair Hive February 2013.  Skelton, Chris. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). Justia.  Supreme Court Cases: Roe v. Wade. The Interactive Constitution of the United States. Prentice-Hall 2003.Ziegler, Mary. The Framing of a Right to Choose: Roe V. Wade and the Changing Debate on Abortion Law. Law and History Review 27.2 (2009): 281-330. Print.